The Stele of Hammurabi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Stele of Hammurabi - Essay Example It is obvious from the investigation that the Stele of Hammurabi made by the Babylonians is similar to a constitution, which goes about as incomparable archive that states how a nation is administered. As a constitution is printed and duplicates gave to general society to acclimate with the arrangements in that, he made the figure and set it at an open spot so everybody could see. This implies on the off chance that you conflict with the law, at that point it is out of obliviousness, and hence merits discipline. The etchers didn't envision the creative estimation of the figure content, their psyches were focused on the useful part of the compositions in that, Stele examination finished on the substance of the law expressed. It was not set in the open as a sculpture or image speaking to people or articles, yet was set transparently so the general population can understand it and disguise the laws. In the extract from The Philosophy of Art History by Arnold Hauser, the window is given two qualities; first, it is an initial that interfaces the individual inside a fenced in area to the outside condition. Others individuals will take a gander at it and welcome the masterful worth it communicates, from the sheet configuration, kinds of glasses utilized, and nature of work utilized in the edge. Work of art at that point goes about as a mediator among people and encounters, which contrast in kind and force. The straightforward window goes about as an opening to the remainder of the world, craftsmen would then be able to keep gazing at windows while valuing its plans, yet their actual capacity stays giving an outside view. Babylonians utilized the Stele of Hammurabi as a format for etching decisions, in right now; a constitution is composed in a PC and printed. They at that point utilize various structures of paper and ink to give it the official look. The figure was not acknowledged aesthetically, they couldn't see the fine Hammurabi carvings, and the very much orchest rated engraved law articulations. The setting of Stele of Hammurabi The setting in time was eighteenth Century BC, during King Hammurabi’s multi year rule of Babylon. Not long after getting into power, he combined his military and took them to fight with neighboring adversary powers. He extended Babylonian outskirts from Tigris, to Persian Gulf in the south. He was likewise attributed with acquainting request with business exchanges for instance, law of agreements which ensured the privileges of the two gatherings when they go into an agreement of any structure. The Code of Hammurabi was

Counselor Confidentiality and Disclosure

The advising procedure comprises fundamentally of self-revelation and self-encounter with respect to the customer, encouraged by communication with the instructor. With the end goal for advising to occur, the customer must reveal individual material to the advocate, who thus attempts to comprehend the client’s world in a setting of what the person thinks about how individuals react to life circumstances. Instructors know about their persuasive situations as for customers, and they abstain from abusing the trust and reliance of clients.Everyone has an essential commitment to keep up the protection of both present and previous customers, in the case of living or perished, and to keep up the secrecy of material that has been transmitted to them in any of their expert jobs. Sensible contrasts of feeling can and do exist among guides as for the manners by which esteems, moral standards, and moral gauges ought to be rank arranged when they conflict.Ethical dynamic in a given circums tance must apply the educated judgment regarding the individual advocate and ought to likewise consider how the issues would be decided in a companion audit process where the moral norms of the calling would be applied. This paper receives the fundamental postulation that the clients’ classification positions number one in this moral issue. By building up a pledge of classification, moral contemplations are not consigned to an optional status, after business matters nor are they noted as afterthoughts.Without a reasonable order, moral oversight of the activities picked through the vital arranging process come up short on this information. Advising Values are persevering. They persuade conduct. Decisions about good and bad or great and terrible are good decisions dependent on values. Throughout human connections, there are numerous circumstances where it is hard to settle on a choice since values clash. Qualities must be explained if moral choices are to be reached.These value s are effortlessly observed during the advising action. While customers may uncover noteworthy individual materials in their non-verbal conduct, the essential mechanism for directing correspondence is verbal. Customers uncover their contemplations and emotions to an insightful advisor by what they state, the effect with which they state it and by what they decide to darken in their verbal material. The more completely self-divulgence happens, the more completely the advocate can serve to enable the customer to find better approaches for coping.Ethical practice might be characterized as giving a helping administration, for which one has been suitably prepared, with care and scrupulous exertion, Unethical practice happens under three conditions: when the expert partner gets engaged with customers whose issues are past the extent of his or preparing; when the assistant endeavors their situation to gather expenses or compensation for inept assistance; and when the aide neglects to get t heir commitment to regard a client’s rights to security and to free decision. It is key for guides to give skilled advising administration to clients.It is this trust permits the customer to share their own interests in a manner that goes past easygoing discussion and which makes powerful helping conceivable. Similarly as with all callings, it is an infringement of trust to offer an assistance wherein one is bumbling to convey or to abuse the general population by offering not exactly the administration one realizes the youngsters need. A portion of the more handy arrangements in keeping up privacy of the client’s foundation by the instructor are the accompanying: I. ) Limiting Personal Information from Client’s FilesRespecting a client’s rights to security incorporates the support of a private relationship inside which the customer is allowed to uncover significant individual data as the individual is prepared to do as such. The customer who hears their private considerations uncovered to another by their instructor has been sold out, except if the idea of the words proposes a believable danger to life or appendage. A kid or the guardians who is controlled by an advisor to uncover data the individual isn't yet prepared to uncover has likewise been the survivor of an intrusion of privacy.The line between facilitative driving by the guide and getting into individual issues can be a fine one, and the differentiation is regularly regarding courses of events and setting. Regarding a client’s option to pick uninhibitedly is likewise inconvenient to certain instructors. On the off chance that one starts with the presumption that judicious people will at last show up at a similar arrangement of decisions about a given issue or condition, it is anything but difficult to infer that the customer who doesn't show up at an answer that the guide esteems is thinking irrationally.At times that might be valid, and the difference fills in as proof that help has not yet been conveyed to a fitting end. In different cases, the difference may imply that the customer has values that vary from the counselor’s own arrangement of qualities, and maybe from those of the general public on the loose. In such occurrences, the instructor can assist the customer with understanding the sensible outcomes of the view he holds to be sure. On account of data that is promptly accessible, there must likewise be a breaking point to the data about the customer that would be made accessible to counselors.There is a need to implement a vow of privacy. At the Children’s Aid Society in Canada, there isn't generally a council to choose matters with respect to morals. In this way, the center ground approach must be taken. This includes the prerequisite that a guide signs a promise of privacy. The organization’s reasoning explanation may not be sufficiently explicit to control the everyday creation forms. The utilization of a con solidated strategic articulation can prompt this issue. On the other hand, a composed pledge of secrecy could be quite certain yet spread a constrained extent of potential circumstances.Indeed, each calling comprises of people or people with destinations or objectives for the fulfillment of explicit purposes. These reasons may either be close to home, benefit arranged, or instilled with some open intrigue. In the fulfillment of each profession’s targets, certain measures are watched, to guarantee that the people play reasonably and act with legit and sound free judgment. Principles are likewise seen to ensure that the individuals inside a calling watch appropriate morals as far as conduct, both in accomplishing their work and in managing others, over the span of the presentation of their job.However, notwithstanding the unbending measures, set by law or guidelines of the associations where these callings are drilled, certain exploitative practices are appeared by different ad visors. In an article entitled Clergy’s Image Recovering since Scandals, distributed last December 4, 2003, a study uncovers that in 23 distinct callings, the attendants were positioned high or high as to genuineness and moral norms. Specialists, veterinarians and drug specialists were close to the medical attendants, in said request, as the experts who exemplified moral conduct in the act of profession.Those who were positioned most reduced were the vehicle sales reps, HMO supervisors protection sales reps and publicizing professionals. The individuals from the ministry positioned higher than the earlier years, yet behind police officers and designers, however in front of specialists and brokers. What could be the purpose for the aftereffects of the reviews? It is the kind of moral or unscrupulous conduct, which the experts represent in their training that prompts the consequences of the reviews (Denenberg, T. et al. ). Critical thinking processAs the conditions for treatmen t are set up, an agreeable critical thinking process is led which brings about progressively self-upgrading perspectives and standards of conduct and the advancement of the fundamental social abilities expected to manufacture and keep up helpful connections (Johnson and Matross, 1977). Objectivity alludes to one’s capacity to survey a circumstance dependent on its own legitimacy and not founded on close to home inclinations or different impacts outside to the circumstance. Thinking and acting impartially present difficulties in light of the fact that assumptions impact a person’s judgment.In expansion, people are more passionate than they are sound in following up on some random circumstance. Even more, a decent viewpoint of privacy should be finished by the instructor. What is privacy? Secrecy includes the assurance of touchy data given by one individual to another. It depends on shared trust between the supplier and beneficiary of data. Securing data about an individ ual is significant in light of the fact that its exposure can make that individual vulnerable.Because of this touchy duty with respect to guides, they should ensure that delicate information isn't wildly uncover except if the patient permits the divulgence or if there is a need that this information be uncovered to serve the customer (Code of Ethics). Responsibility implies being liable to outcomes of one’s activity or inaction. This isn't constrained to large obligations however a day by day event that occurs in everyday circumstances at whatever point one is offered obligations to perform. Guides must accept this view as they embrace advising meetings, regardless of whether humble or complicated.These errands are significant segments of a bigger procedure. Guides must take responsibility for they do and don't give to others this important however classified data (Code of Ethics). Strengthening in directing circumstances Empowerment, as an advising idea, is viewed as a signi ficant apparatus to cause an individual or gathering to adjust to social change. It includes the standards of cooperation with individuals and their entitlement to self-assurance. Strengthening necessitates that partner recognize an individual’s qualities, share force and control with him, and persuade him

Blog Archive MBA Career Advice Before You Leave That Job Part 1

Blog Archive MBA Career Advice Before You Leave That Job Part 1 In this weekly series, “MBA Career Advice,” our friends at MBA Career Coaches will be dispensing invaluable advice to help you actively manage your career. Topics include building your network, learning from mistakes and setbacks, perfecting your written communication, and mastering even the toughest interviews. For more information or to sign up for a free career consultation, visit  www.mbacareercoaches.com. If you are headed to business school this fall, your life is about to change in a big way. Right now you are surrounded by professional colleagues, mentors, and champions, people who have supported you throughout your career and have helped you get to where you are. You are embedded within the network of your company. Will those connections diminish while you are in business school? You are going to be very busy and it won’t be easy to keep in touch, no matter how well-intentioned you are. But, you have an opportunity to nurture these connections now so that they persist even after you are in a different city doing different work. This is important even if you plan to transition into a different industry in a different geography. The world is round; you never know which relationships will come back around to be important. Before you leave, seek to establish meaningful contact with everyone you have known in your job to date so that the relationships you have built will last. Make a list of all the people who fit into one of these categories: Supervisors, mentors, champions, and advocates Collaborators, peers, and colleagues Subordinates, people you managed Important clients and external service providers People you didn’t work with directly but who helped you out at some point People you wish you had gotten to know better Anyone else who comes to mind as someone you want to stay connected to Give those people your personal email address and let them know how to reach you in the future. Connecting on LinkedIn is also a good idea. But these small steps are not enough. They won’t deepen the relationship. Real relationships require a personal touch. So for the most important people on your list, schedule appointments to meet with each of them, preferably outside of the office. Why outside? Well, the professional aspect of your relationship is ending, and if you are going to keep the connection alive, you will have to create a personal connection. It will be harder to do so, if you are in a “strictly business,” setting. So, get them into a new environment. Share ThisTweet MBA Career Advice

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Galileo was the Greatest Innovator and Scientific Mind of...

â€Å"I decided to stand alone on the throne of the world, because I believe all good philosophers fly alone like eagles.†(Axelrod 9 ) . Galileo is one of the greatest scientific minds and innovators of his time. Many questioned his methods of discovery, reasons for why something was happening in experiments he conducted. Galileo’s reasoning is the focal point to his research and helps with the idea of understanding how he thought. Galileo’s inventions were the most innovative and advanced in his field at the time. Most importantly Galileo was just trying to find truth , â€Å"Galileo was honest when he said that if the bible seemed to say something different from what science said, then one had just misinterpreted the bible†,(Axelrod 8 ). Provided the research and experiments Galileo had done his theories and ideas are correct for his time. As a scientist, Galileo experimented with many theories on how the universe was structured and found the copernican theory to be the most sensible but had trouble proving his system to be true. Galileo’s commitment to explanation as the basis for justification for his research is stronger than most of his other methods for explaining the environment around him. How Galileo found his truths are thorough his research. Galileo started to reason the tides and the flow of the waves of the ocean,How the waves relate to the motion of the earth and it’s motion in relation to Copernican theory of the universe â€Å"the timing and magnitude of specificShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding the Scientific Revolution Essay1579 Words   |  7 PagesUnderstanding the Scientific Revolution The Scientific Revolution was a time of change and new thinking. Many innovators had new ideas about the earth and many other things, but most challenged the Church in thinking of these new concepts. This revolution was so important to the development of mankind that modern historians honor the phrase with initial capital letters. This change of thought took almost two centuries to become established in western Europe; today this prolonged crisis is knownRead MoreEssay on The European Renaissance2182 Words   |  9 Pagesof darkness. Within it, learning was suppressed and knowledge didn’t advance. However, by a turn into the 1400’s, there was a â€Å"rebirth† of learning: the Renaissance. The Renaissance was marked by an intense awaking in the visible world and in the knowledge derived from the experiences rather than religion and wise tales. It turned away from the abstract speculations and interest in life after death which is characterized in the Middle Ages. Although Christianity was not forgotten completely, the holyRead MoreThe Enlightenment Philosophers: What Was Their Main Idea2373 Words   |  10 PagesLiterature Network  » Literary Periods  » The Enlightenment 57 The Enlightenment The Enlightenment, sometimes referred to as the Age of Reason, was a confluence of ideas and activities that took place throughout the eighteenth century in Western Europe, England, and the American colonies. Scientific rationalism, exemplified by the scientific method, was the hallmark of everything related to the Enlightenment. Following close on the heels of the Renaissance, Enlightenment thinkers believed that theRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesAppliances, Inc.: Deciding on a New Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-7 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (B): Cleaning Up an Information Systems Debacle CASE STUDY II-1 Vendor-Managed Inventory at NIBCO CASE STUDY II-2 Real-Time Business Intelligence at Continental Airlines CASE STUDY II-3 Norfolk Southern Railway: The Business Intelligence Journey CASE STUDY II-4 Mining Data to Increase State Tax Revenues in California CASE STUDY II-5 The Cliptomaniaâ„ ¢ WebRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pageswill normally be a prerequisite that some type of analysis of the strategic position is undertaken, using the case material. When planning the use of these cases within programmes, care needs to be taken to balance the time taken on such strategic analysis so as to allow the time required to analyse the main issues for which the case has been chosen. Where the text and cases are being used as the framework for a strategy programme (as we hope they will), it is essential that students are requiredRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pageswith Strategy The Global Pharmaceutical Industry: Swallowing a Bitter Pill Vodafone: Developing a Total Communications Strategy in the UK Market European Tour Operators: Confronting Competition in the Tourism Industry Evolution and Revolution in the Hi-Fi Sector Amazon.com ï £ ©2007 - Early 2009 The Formula 1 Constructors Web Reservations Inte rnational: Challenging Industry Norms Manchester United FC: Continuing Success but at What Cost? Hermes Fund Management, Total and Premier Oil: The Responsibility

Leadership and Cross Cultural Analysis of Australian Organizations

Question: Discuss about theLeadership and Cross Cultural Analysis of Australian Organizations. Answer: Introduction The match of globalization and internalization is growing each day. Presently, the successful business entities must work across cultures. Therefore, leaders have to, listen to the people's voice, and understand what the voices may be telling them. Globalization has given birth to the multi-cultural organization where employees from more than one country are working together. Companies are finding multicultural employee engagement as lucrative but managing a multinational organization is tougher than a locally based company is. Human resources in this organization are required to perform at all operational levels in the entity both locally and internationally. In such situation, the risk of cultural differences is inevitable. In countries such as Australia, cultural diversity is a valuable asset to the Australian industries as pointed out by Shwalb, Shwalb, Lamb (2013). Therefore, it is essential for Australian business to acknowledge the economic and social contribution of a culturally diverse workforce. The Australian industries and organizations should take advantage of the cultural diversity so as to effectively improve the level of competitiveness in customer service. The aim of this paper is to identify and critically analyse communication strategies a leader should counter inherent to cultural diversity in Australia. Also, the paper will critically examine how leaders can address ethical issues inherent to Australian Multinational Companies (MNCs). The paper will then conclude with a critical analysis of an optimal leadership mix that should be aligned with multicultural workplaces in Australia organizations. Communication Challenges a Leader would Expect about Cultural Diversity in Australia Bochner (2013) assert that, communication is a key factor towards the success of an organization. In addition, effective communication in multi-cultural Australian organizations faces a myriad of challenges. Overcoming communication barriers in organizations is an essential aspect. Communication is more than trading word; it incorporates emotions and people intentions. Leaders in Australian entities have to be taken through proper training interventions such as the program to build listening, writing, and conversational skill (Chhokaret al.2013). Additionally, leaders should make sure that they learn verbal and nonverbal communication and negotiation skills. Leaders in Australian organizations have a challenge in acknowledging and celebrating cultural differences, ethnicity, faith, and language among the workforce. Therefore, leaders are likely to face communication hurdles when managing cross-cultural differences as denoted below. High and Low Context Communication Levels This communication barrier was brought forward by Edward Hall, a cross-cultural researcher and an anthropologist. He studied the cross-cultural aspects of the world, and thus came up with a set of behaviours known as the high and low context communication processes. Communication using high and low means relates to the background and the nature of events happening. Low and high context communication processes are one critical theory in cross-cultural researchers (Greenfield Cocking, 2014). These principles apply to multinational institutions in Australia. High-context communication can be very sensitive when a manager is dealing with human resources. In high-context communication, information cannot be efficiently transmitted as the managers encounter human resources that communicate more implicitly. Therefore, the intended message is heavily interpreted basing on the overall situation and may lead to the information being considered as ambiguous. On the other hand, low context comm unication culture asserts that the communication culture tends to be individualized and fragmented. In Australia, some human resources prefer individualized communication. In this communication channel, the content of the messages is clearly spelled out. Significantly, the message is transmitted directly and clearly to the receiver. Communication is direct, dramatic, open and based on real intentions. Although this communication channel seems to be open phased, the; leaders may fail to get the comprehensive details regarding the subject matter. When leaders in Australian industries are communicating with nationals from Asia (Korea, Japan, and China), they are likely to face high context communication barrier. Asian societies are homogenous in aspects of information and work experience as denoted by Huesmann Eron (2013). Also, most messages are not necessarily in the form of words. Information is mostly transmitted through gestures, space use or even silence. Leaders in Australia o rganizations may not be favoured by this type of communication because it may be hard to decode the details of the information. Verbal Communication This type of language occurs when the sender intends to communicate feelings through words and language. Leaders are faced with language barriers as a diverse workforce is characterised by different cultures and background. Language fluency is an essential social aspect that is vital in helping managers to improve the organizational effectiveness and enhance their negotiation skill. Leaders are faced with the hurdles of getting the meaning of a context when the other person fails to express him/herself fully. In Australia, some staff from China, Japan, and Korea lack effective command of English, whereas English is the most commonly used language for intermediaries in Australia. Good command of English helps to reduce and avoid misunderstanding and communication failures (Lefcourt, 2013). Poor Interpretation Skills Leaders in Australian corporations cannot fully understand the feelings and expression of staff under them. Junior staff needs to have knowledge of another language but also be familiar with nonverbal cues, cultural practices, values and customs of the language of operation. Leaders who may not possess value and norms of a country may have communication difficulties during their earlier stage of operations. Additionally, Australian leaders may face problems in trying to understand the nonverbal cues used by junior staff in their entities. Some nonverbal cues include kinetics such as facial expressions and eye contacts that enables the actual communication to be carried successfully or smoothly. Leaders in Australia should have the complete knowledge of nonverbal cues among various staff. For instance, in Thailand silence is a sign of respect. The Dutch workers only use gestures from the upper part of the body. Managers who fail to understand some of these nonverbal cues face difficul ties in understanding the message communicated as denoted by Marsella et al. (2013) Management Style A management style is a form of communication channel that link the leaders and subordinates decisions. The organizational culture is a factor that influences management style. For instance, Australian managers are faced with the hurdle of solving problems when dealing with Chinese and American employees. As the American problem-solving skills advocate for competing for a form of problem-solving, the Chinese prefer the centralized orientation style approach. Moreover, the Chinese staffs are not used to listen to their superiors as they tend to despise a team perspective (Kupper et al., 2013). Therefore, management behaviors of different leaders majorly affect the process of communication and essentially require a clear understanding of how to deal with staff from different cultural backgrounds. Staff Behaviour For any organization, the subordinate staff is a valuable asset. This is because the success or subsequent failure of any organization depends on the employees. Each employee brings knowledge skills and experiences into the body. Therefore, employee satisfaction is a form of communication regarding Australian MNCs progress. Leaders in Australia MNCs face instances of employee dissatisfaction, which is detrimental to the wellbeing of an entity (Lamb, 2013). Therefore, managers should ensure staff productivity through staff empowerment within an organization, which will elicit staff satisfaction. Ways leaders can address ethical issues related to cultural diversity in Australia To effectively manage the ethical issues affecting the operation of an organization, a good leader needs to have a clear understating of the organizational design that can effectively shape the culture of the organization. In his study, Edwards et al. (2013) denote that a perfect organizational design helps in ensuring productivity, effective communication, and long-term innovations in an organization. To address an ethical issue such as cultural integration, the MNCs leaders have to create a perfect environment where people can work effectively and efficiently (Alcntara et al., 2013). Most of the entity ethical issues can be tracked to a perfect organizational design. For instance, Australian MNCs system sales and production department ethically work in harmony as two separate units. In such a system, the work done through information sharing and the provision of incentives determines the performance of the whole entity. The perfect performance design has been the main drive towards the growth in performance with an ethical working environment in many Australian MNCs. Without moral planning or intervention programs, Australian MNCs leaders can find it difficult to align its objectives towards their growth strategy. As a result, these leaders have adopted a hierarchical ethical culture within their organizational design as pointed out by (Englis, 2013). Hierarchical culture has proved to be essential to Australian MNCs management in maintaining regulatory control. Additionally, many Australian organizations use rotations in their operation such that there is flexibility in the administration of duties. In this manner, the employees feel respected and in their duties as equality in job performance is embraced resulting to unity in the successful performance of the organizations. In their study, Beugelsdijk et al. (2014) point out those leaders of different Australian business organizations embrace innovation in the process of addressing some of the pertinent ethical issues affecting the organizations business strategy. To address an ethical issue such as efficiency in production, Innovation forms one of the core strategies in an organization. Based on this, the production managers are hired after every three years so that they can inject some fresh, innovative ideas into the improvement of strategic business processes (Norton et al., 2014). Therefore, Australian MNCs embrace high volume delivery with a rigid culture combined with tight controls that avoid excess. Entities that have expanded into a global brand experience large economies of scale. Therefore, the companies have maintained functionally distinct department and teams that are pivotal to decentralized ethical decision-making to ensure the ideas and opinions of both the employees and the customers are as well given priority (Holgersson et al. 2016). Organizations operate in a volatile market, where the unpredictability of events is evident according to Bochner (2013). Development teams have hence come up with a flexible work plan that reacts to customer ideas and calls for improvement in the services offered by these organizations. Incentives and rewards are aligned with business purpose and strategy, and each department is paid according to the value it has brought into the entity. For instance, the sales teams can be rewarded for customer retention. Australian MNCs adoption of flexible controls in its organizational design can be attributed to the successful adoption of cultural diverse ethical strategies that promotes different skills and ideas that are a characteristic of a culturally diverse workplace. Various Australian organizations also train their leaders to embrace corporate ethical organizational culture and strategies that embrace diversity in every workplace. Corporate culture has strengthened clear leadership ability for delivery of solutions to mid markets, enterprises, and strategic service providers according to Edwards, Marginson, and Ferner (2013). Failure of organizations to embrace ethical, cultural diversity may cause institutional ethnocentrism. The negative consequences brought by institutional ethnocentrism include lack of motivation and slump in organizational productivity. Leaders of organizations faced with institutional ethnocentrism hence develop an ethical, cultural competence action plan to solve these management mentalities (Olwig Gullov, 2013). With the aim of promoting diversity in the workplace, many Australia MNCs outsource employees and other subsidiaries from cross borders (Singapore and Taiwan) through ethically monitored induction processes whil e inculcating their culture as the newly acquired partners. This induction minimizes the culture gap that may exist after amalgamation and promote diversity in the operational and behavioral skills of the employees. Australian firms have adopted a system that also surveys the ethical procedures and standards for the induction approaches for every organization that encompasses the perfect knowledge of the market culture. The induction approach encompasses macro concerns of quality, culture commitment, and values of an entity as pointed out by Holgersson (2016). Organizations corporate cultures endeavor to power a diverse working environment where society, people, and business applications are ethically accessible and securely connected. Embracing corporate culture has thus been one of the forefronts in addressing ethical issues that exist in Australian MNCs. Leadership styles and behaviours that align with managing a culturally diverse workplace According to Karin et al. (2014), leaders can utilize cross-cultural leadership theories to maintain strategic change within the organizations they manage. Specifically, Australian MNCs have used the Integrated Cultural framework leadership theory proposed by Hofstede in the process of their operations. Managers have used this leadership theory to analyze culture across companies and industrial (Lcke et al., 2014). Precisely the theory has been reliable and valid with the following precepts according to Reeve et al. (2014); Capability to influence - Members of an organization can affect decision-making in the organization to some extent. Managers are poised to reduce marginal regard to inputs to increase motivation and performance among the staff. Comfort with Uncertainty It denotes the extent to which members are comfortable while taking any risk about their responsibilities in the organization. Achievement positioning- It indicates the extent to which members are assertive, goal oriented, and achievement assertive Collectivism Vs individualism- It is the extent to which individual is compared with the group loyalty as effective in the organizational performance is a united effort. Impartiality- It is the extent when equal chance exists for advancement Time Orientation- It illustrates the extent to which organizational goals and missions of an organization are focused on the present, the past and the future. Company employees should not be focused doing on the future strategic plan for the enterprise. Space Orientation. This represents the extent of the physical layout of an organization, whether private or a mix of both aspects. Hofstede proposed that the leaders should establish strategic management groups that will address Australian MNCs problems and find common ground of building trust among the employees in the diverse workplace. As a result, a good leader ought to give the suppliers, employees, and customers voice to increase their corporate matters affecting the operation and service provision of their organizations (Kupper et al., 2013). Additionally, such organisations can create a cross-cultural and strategic problem solving ideas situation by creating an electronic comment box for employees and customers to comment regarding the operation of the organization (Takahashi, 2012). Moreover, they may implement surveys on customer satisfaction and supplier engagement. Such platforms encourage efficient management team established on the vision and mission entity that encourages a sense of ownership among employees in the cross-cultural environments (Wang et al., 2014). Moreover, they should incorporate branch groups in making vital decisions in an entity. Further, an organization ought to promote teamwork among them members of the facility. The baseline of trust is created by having a better understanding of collaborative efforts of every employee within the organization despite the cultural differences among them according to Lefcourt (2013). Hofstede grouped 100,000 IBM employees from different 40 countries for analysis. He came up with four key aspects in which cultures would emerge (Shwalb et al., 2013). Specifically, he asserted that Power, Individualism, Masculinity/Feminist, indulgence, pragmatism, and tolerance were some issues that affected organizational culture. Presently, the concept of cultural dimension and cultural distance has remained pertinent (Thomas Peterson, 2014). However, if the management applies them simplistically, they may be problematic. On the other hand, Shalom Schwartz, an Israeli Sociologist, claims that some cultural aspects such as behavioural effectiveness overlap Hofstede dimension. His leadership theory was known as behavioural effectiveness and it included gender balance and performance orientation as some of the cultural issues affecting organizational culture. In addition, Shalom leadership theory denoted that self-indulgence is a pertinent issue affecting corporate cultures. Specif ically, in some ways, the whole enterprise of business culture relies on the assumption that identifiable dimensions such as self-indulgence. Studies from business psychologist Oded Shankar denoted that there is a need to move away from the traditional notion of cultural distance. Managers should run away from dealing with pre-existing cultural pole differences and embrace on cultural friction, which focuses on peoples interaction with a different culture (Lamb, 2013). When the managers embrace the frictional culture, they may realize that culture plays a significant role in Australian MNCs success. Even though determining the cultural impact in an organization is challenging, it is clear that the drivers of the global workforce are the culture portrayed by the internal factors affecting an organization (Cullen Parboteeah, 2013). The labour force in an organization should thus subscribe to the organizational culture of so as to remain competitive in the current global management system (Marsella Pedersen, 2013). Multinational companies who have the global presence are poised to soar in profitability resulting to employee s from different cultural backgrounds bringing in innovation and creativity to the organization. As a result, the diverse cultures from various employees form the core of the MNCs cultural background. Many foreign engagements fail at the interaction levels. Additionally, many suggest that failure of negotiations at the primary level can be accredited to employ dissatisfaction. An organization that fails to embrace cultural diversity have witnessed fall in market share. For instance, the automotive industry has seen a break in promising links. Promising ties between Daimler and Chrysler and between Volvo and Renault subsidiaries in Australia has broken off due to cultural differences (Culbertson Chen, 2014). The managers in the automotive industries failed to embrace different cultural differences, therefore, blending mistrust between workforces in this auto industry. Reeve et al. (2014) denoted that analysis have revealed that managers of Daimler ad Chrysler and between Volvo and Renault had excessive stronger central control which felt like culture imperialism thus bringing out developmental problems especially for junior employees. Given the cultural differences in different co untries, it may be difficult for HR to set a common factor towards all cultural differences. Organizational cultures can be confined in external manifestations rather than an inside force that shapes an individual expression in life. Conclusion Many Australian multinational companies and organizations have different corporate cultures tailored to different business situations. What matters most is the overall design alignment with the market, which the company operates. Hierarchical organization culture has incorporated the right flexibility, right incentives, the right resources, and the right people. Moreover, entities have embraced the core cultures and functions that operate its strategic business. The flexibility of this organizational culture enables an objective system to adapt to any market with ease. Therefore, leaders have to listen to the peoples voice and embrace cultural diversity of all stakeholders in within the organizations so as to embrace a culture of respect, trust, and effective long-term performance. References Alcntara, P., Pilar, J. M., Del Barrio, K., Garca, S., Porcu, L. (2013). A cross-cultural analysis of the effect of language on perceived risk online.Computers in Human Behavior,29(3), 596-603. Ang, S., Van Dyne, L. (2015).Handbook of cultural intelligence. Routledge. Beugelsdijk, S., Slangen, A., Maseland, R., Onrust, M. (2014). The impact of homehost cultural distance on foreign affiliate sales: The moderating role of cultural variation within host countries.Journal of Business Research,67(8), 1638-1646. Bochner, S. (Ed.). (2013).Cultures in contact: Studies in cross-cultural interaction(Vol. 1). Elsevier. Chhokar, J. S., Brodbeck, F. C., House, R. J. (Eds.). (2013).Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Routledge. Culbertson, H. M., Chen, N. (2013).International public relations: A comparative analysis. Routledge. Cullen, J. B., Parboteeah, K. P. (2013).Multinational management. Cengage Learning. Edwards, T., Marginson, P., Ferner, A. (2013). Multinational Companies in Cross-National Context: Integration, Differentiation, and the Interactions between MNCS and Nation States Introduction to a Special Issue of the ILRReview.Industrial Labor Relations Review,66(3), 547-587. Englis, B. G. (Ed.). (2013).Global and multinational advertising. Psychology Press. Greenfield, P. M., Cocking, R. R. (2014).Cross-cultural roots of minority child development. Psychology Press. Huesmann, L. R., Eron, L. D. (2013).Television and the aggressive child: A cross-national comparison. Routledge. Holgersson, C., Tienari, J., Merilinen, S., Bendl, R. (2016). Executive search as ethnosociality A cross-cultural comparison.International Journal of Cross Cultural Management,16(2), 153-169. Karin, J., Lawter, L., Brockerhoff, M., J. Rutigliano, P. (2014). Cultural impact of human resource practices on job satisfaction: a global study across 48 countries.Cross cultural management,21(1), 55-77. Kaynak, E., Herbig, P. (2014).Handbook of cross-cultural marketing. Routledge. Kupper, N., Pedersen, S. S., Hfer, S., Saner, H., Oldridge, N., Denollet, J. (2013). Cross-cultural analysis of Type D (distressed) personality in 6222 patients with ischemic heart disease: A study from the International HeartQoL Project.International journal of cardiology,166(2), 327-333. Lamb, M. E. (2013).The father's role: Cross cultural perspectives. Routledge. Lefcourt, H. M. (Ed.). (2013).Research with the locus of control construct: extensions and limitations. Elsevier. Lcke, G., Kostova, T., Roth, K. (2014). Multiculturalism from a cognitive perspective: Patterns and implications.Journal of International Business Studies,45(2), 169-190. Marsella, A. J., Pedersen, P. B. (Eds.). (2013).Cross-Cultural Counseling and Psychotherapy: Pergamon General Psychology Series(Vol. 93). Elsevier. Norton, M. I., Neal, D. T., Govan, C. L., Ariely, D., Holland, E. (2014). The Not?So?Common?Wealth of Australia: Evidence for a Cross?Cultural Desire for a More Equal Distribution of Wealth.Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy,14(1), 339-351. Olwig, K. F., Gullov, E. (Eds.). (2013).Children's places: Cross-cultural perspectives. Routledge. Pinar, W. F. (2013).International handbook of curriculum research. Routledge. Takahashi, K., Ishikawa, J., Kanai, T. (2012). Qualitative and quantitative studies of leadership in multinational settings: Meta-analytic and cross-cultural reviews.Journal of World Business,47(4), 530-538. Thomas, D. C., Peterson, M. F. (2014).Cross-cultural management: Essential concepts. Sage Publications. Turner, B. S., Abercrombie, N., Hill, S. (2014).Dominant Ideologies (RLE Social Theory). Routledge. Reeve, J., Vansteenkiste, M., Assor, A., Ahmad, I., Cheon, S. H., Jang, H., Wang, C. J. (2014). The beliefs that underlie autonomy-supportive and controlling teaching: A multinational investigation.Motivation and Emotion,38(1), 93-110. Stahl, G. K., Tung, R. L. (2014). Towards a more balanced treatment of culture in international business studies: The need for positive cross-cultural scholarship.Journal of International Business Studies,46(4), 391-414. Shwalb, D. W., Shwalb, B. J., Lamb, M. E. (2013).Fathers in cultural context. Routledge. Wang, D., Feng, T., Freeman, S., Fan, D., Zhu, C. J. (2014). Unpacking the skillcross-cultural competence mechanisms: Empirical evidence from Chinese expatriate managers.International Business Review,23(3), 530-541.

17 Writing Tips Actionable Exercises to Write Better Today [VIDEO]

17 Writing Tips Actionable Exercises to Write Better Today [VIDEO] 17 Writing Tips Actionable Exercises to Write Better Today [VIDEO] Writing tips have aided every writer out there- from Ernest Hemingway to Stephen King.And now you’re here for a reasonYou want to learn how to write better through specific writing tips. Because lets be honestwe all feel like our writing could use some improvement.What you didn’t know is that you’ll learn a whole lot more than that by reading this post and you’ll find out exactly what if you stick with us.Writing is a skill you can never be the â€Å"best† at. You will always be able to grow and expand on your writing skills. Once you’ve reached what you believe is your very best, there is still mountains more you can improve upon.That’s part of the magic of being a writer.But it can be hard to know where you actually need the improvement. Which areas are your weakest and which do you excel in?Here are 17 strong writing tips:Write what you want to read Write with intention Use psychologyWrite as often as you can Eliminate distractions Research storytelling and story structure Always get feedback Focus on new ways to phrase common visuals Practice writing when you’re not writing Use strong language Just write to write Just do it. Youve got to work. Write for yourself first. Quantity will make up for quality. Tell the truth. You cant edit a blank page.Its one thing to improve your grammar, its another to work on bettering the actual writing.If you’re like me (and almost all writers out there), you likely struggle with insecurity in your writing. Us writers have a tendency to focus on the bad without knowing how to make it better, and this can often cost us our writing motivation.NOTE: We cover a number of writing tips in our VIP Self-Publishing program, along with everything youll need to write, market, and publish your book to bestseller status.Click here to learn moreLet’s get started. Writing Tips to Help You Become an AuthorIf you’re looking for a way to get your book done quickly a nd with quality, you’re in the right place.We put together this free training for you to learn exactly the writing tips that helped Chandler Bolt hit bestseller status with all 6 of his books. Join your FREE training and learn how you canwrite abetterbook in as little as 90 days if you really focus.Just click the button below to watch!Click here to start your training TODAYHow to Improve Writing with Tips for Writing a BookIn order to improve your writing skills, you have to commit to writing as much as you can, using different writing exercises, and reading often. You have to form a writing habit in order to do this.But there is good news about this.Your writing skills are not stagnant. They change and grow as you do.Think of it as running. The more you run and train, the better you become. It can be really hard to write a book at first but as you learn new techniques, how to use literary devices, and new methods for making it easier, you become a stronger, better runner.Wr iting is exactly the same.The way you improve your writing skills is by making a commitment to you, your work in progress, and all the people who can benefit from your book.How do You Become a Good Beginner Writer?Being a good beginner writer is about learning the craft of writing and learning specific techniques that make writing good in the first place.In fact, becoming a good beginner writer is all about reading as much as you can and writing as much as you can. This is what will help you recognize those literary elements you can then replicate and make your own when writing and editing.Just like I mentioned above, the more you can write, the better you will get, and this makes publishing your book and showing it to the world much easier.But it’s also about consuming content about becoming a better writer, like podcasts, blog posts, and videos around the craft of writing.These are our favorite writing tips resources:The Self-Publishing School Youtube ChannelOur Podcast, wh ere we highlight success stories and learn how authors made it happenJenna Moreci’s Youtube channel featuring the best fiction and self-publishing writing tipsDailyWritingTips.com, a blog featuring unique and specific tips for writingHannah Lee Kidder’s Youtube channel including tips from a multi-published fiction authorThis Stephen King video featuring his own tipsBrandon Sanderson’s lectures from a college classroomChandler Bolts personal Youtube channel for productivity advice and moreJustPublishingAdvice.com, a blog dedicated to sharing helpful publishing and writing tips.What are some writing tips for beginners?Being a newbie writer is not easy. These are some of the top writing tips we suggest in order to improve your writing skills as a beginner.Writing Tip #1 Write what you want to readIf you yourself wouldn’t pick up the book or story you’re writing and read it with joy, then you shouldnt’ be writing it.â€Å"But what if I think o ther people will like it even if I don’t?†This is a very common argument against this writing tip but it’s not sound. And the reason for that is because you’ll lack the passion.When you create a story that you love yourself, it comes through in the writing. It’ll read as if the words and your protagonist and characters as a whole pop off the page instead of lying flat.It will also be much easier to write and you’ll want to write it more than if you didn’t enjoy the story or topic as much.So for this writing tip, ask yourself these questions:Would you pick it up to read the back cover?Would you personally look for a book like this?Is this a book genre you personally enjoy?Will you develop the characters in a way that makes you root for them?Is the story structure captivating to you?Have you read and loved other books with similar worlds/characters/stories?If you cant answer these questions with a confident yes, skip the book idea and wr ite one you actually want to.Writing Tip#2 Write with intentionAll writing has a purpose and it needs a purpose if you want your writing to get better and read as something enjoyable.When you have a reason for writingwhat you’re writing, it becomes so much easier and it feels like you’re fulfilling a purpose rather than just writing a book.If all youre doing is writing a book to make money, then your heart (and therefore your passion) is in the wrong place. This makes it very clear to readers through your writing.Below is a writing tips exercise to help you achieve writing with intention.Writing Tip#3 Use psychology to write betterYes, there is research involved no matter what kind of book you’re writing.â€Å"But how can psychology actually help my writing improve?†In order to craft your book in a way that speaks to readers how you intend it to, you have to understand how the human mind works.This is how using psychology as a writing tip helps you get better:Youll craft more realistic charactersYour antagonists and protagonists motives will be more realisticYou can take your readers on a better experience by learning to manipulate their emotions with your plotYou can easily hit emotional triggers in readers that prompt them to keep turning pagesYoull better understand what it takes to write a novel thats engagingThe Write Practice has a fantastic resource for how to use psychology to become a better writer.Once you know how people interpret different events, messages, and themes, you can weave them into your book so it has more impact when they’re finished reading.And for the fiction writers out there, psychology helps you create real and lifelike characters that leave readers itching to turn that page and read more about them and their journey.Writing Tips Action Step:In order to accurately research for your book, think about what you want your readers to take away from each chapter, and then the book as a whole.Then res earch how real people interpret those specific messages.For example:If you want readers to feel inspired during a certain part of your book, research â€Å"psychology of inspiration† and read how one can build up to feel inspired and even how it affects their outlook in order to better craft the next chapters.Writing Tip#4 Write as often as you canEven if all you’re writing is a paragraph, it’s better than not writing at all.And if you can’t add on to your book for whatever reason (maybe a lack of an outline?), then write something else.Here are a few ways you can utilize this writing tip by writing something else:Write a short storyStart a new novelWrite a poemSkip to a new section in your book to writeWrite about your life in prose to practice descriptionsThe point is to write as often as you can because the more you write, the better you will get. It will help you pinpoint weaknesses in your writing and you’ll notice improvements as you write.W riting more often also allows you to flex your imagination, which is indeed much like a muscle. The more you use it, the stronger it gets and therefore, you’ll be able to write with more creativity.Writing Tip#5 Eliminate distractionsIn this age of technology and helpful writing software, there are endless amounts of distractions.We almost always have our phones within reach, a computer right at our fingertips (literally, if you’re writing), and a TV nearby with access to Netflix, Hulu, and other attention-sucking programs.If you want to write better, you have to eliminate distractions that keep you from writing.Here are our writing tips to get rid of distractions:Use a distraction-blocking App like Freedom or PauseForShut your phone off and put it in another roomClose out of all apps or windows on your computerSpend 15 minutes listening to music that reminds you of your book to get you in the zoneTell all your friends/family to leave you alone for writing timeAs ment ioned above, the more you write, the better you get. But you can’t write if you’re constantly checking your phone, email, or watching TV.Writing Tip#6 Research storytelling and story structureThis is largely for the fiction writers out there, but all writers can benefit from this writing tip of improving your storytelling.Storytelling and writing are not the same things.Writing is the way in which you describe what’s happening within the story. The story itself is a whole other piece of the puzzle and is arguably the most important piece.When you have a story idea worth writing, theres a few things to remember.Here are our top writing tips for learning the craft of storytelling:Study comedians the reason comedy is, well, funny is because comedians know how to tell stories in a way that keep us on the edge of our seat, and then they surprise us, which often initiates the laughter.Learn from great storytellers Stephen King is one of the best storytellers of al l time. He has a book, On Writing, that touches on this craft. Give it a read for some of the best writing tips youll find.Read as much as you can Writers learn how to write through reading. The more you read, and the wider variety of genres, the more youll naturally pick up on the art of storytelling.Get feedback on your stories This is the hardest, but most crucial writing tip to help you improve. You have to understand your weaknesses in order to make them stronger. Ask friends and family for help in order to learn how to make your stories better.Writing Tips Action Step:Read books, listen to podcasts, or watch videos about the art of crafting a story.Another great way to learn the ins and outs of storytelling is to watch great comedians. The reason they can make you laugh is how they craft what they’re saying.Notice the pauses, when they speed through what they’re saying, and how they deliver that final line.These are all techniques you can use on a larger scale when writing your book.Writing Tip#7 Always get feedbackThis will always be the hardest, but most important part of improving your writing. Of all the writing tips to take and execute, this is the best one.It’s very difficult to gauge your own writing because you wrote it.This is much like trying to tickle yourself. It just doesn’t work because you’re the person doing it and is much more effective when someone else does it.Thats why the beta reading process is so vital. Its when you let others read your book in order to gain feedback from people in your intended audience.That’s what it’s like for your writing. You need an outside set of eyes on your work.Jenna Moreci has a great resource on the beta reading process you can check out.Here are some specific questions to ask others for this tip to improve writing:Did you find anything confusing or unclear?Did you understand why InsertNameHere did what they did?Were you able to easily follow the dial ogue?Was the dialogue in writing clear and concise?Which character did you empathize with more?Do you have any predictions about what will happen?Do you have any feedback I didnt ask you about?Writing Tip#8   Focus on new ways to phrase common visualsOne of the best ways you can strengthen your creativity is by consciously thinking about how you can describe common things in new, interesting ways.You want to make people see that common item or situation or visual in a brand new light.The way you can do this is to pause when you’re describing something in your writing and think to yourself, â€Å"how else can I explain this to create a stronger emotional impact?†Here’s an example of this writing tip if you’re still a little confused:â€Å"The sun set behind the trees and the world fell quiet.†Is this a bad way to describe a sunset and night beginning? No. However, you can easily get more creative about how to illustrate this to readers through wo rds. Like this:â€Å"Night yanked the horizon over the sun, silencing the world with its absence.†This is saying relatively the same thing, but in a way that stops and makes someone appreciate the way in which it was crafted.Writing Tip#9 Practice writing in your headThis might sound a bit confusing, so let me elaborate.When you look at the world, how do you see it? Probably the same way everyone else does.Here’s an example of how you can practice writing but only in your own head. This can help you learn how to craft your prose to read in a beautiful, elegant fashion while also being unique and interesting to readers.Right now, I’m looking out my window into the backyard. It has snow, the trees are bare, and the sky is a muted gray at the horizon, fading to a very faint blue as you look higher up.This is a very typical visual for winter (especially in Wisconsin).Now, in order to practice writing without writing, all you have to do is start describing what you see in prose that you would write in your own head.Like this:â€Å"Stillness hung in the air thicker than Christmas morning eggnog, the ground covered in a thin sheet of white speckled with brown where the snow failed to make its mark. Bare branches reached toward the absent sun, reluctantly accepting the gray of winter in its place.†This example is more prose than reality, but this is how you can sharpen those skill by just thinking in this way.Notice the world around you in the way you would write it in a book.The more you practice this when you’re on the subway, making dinner, or even watching your family and friends interact, the easier it will be to write those situations in your book.Think like a writer in order to become a better one.Writing Tip#10 Use strong languageThis writing tip can completely transform your writing for the better. It’s the single best way to make your writing more captivating without really adding anything new. You just simply hav e to replace weak language with stronger, more descriptive writing.This can take some time to get used to but the more you do it, the easier it will get.So how do you recognize weak language?Here are some mistakes to look for in your writing to utilizing this writing tip:Passive voice Passive voice is any use of a to be past participle. Now, thats just a fancy way of saying that if you have something was done by something, its passive voice. An example of this is: The chicken was beheaded by the farmer. That is passive voice, whereas, The farmer beheaded the chicken. is active voice.Weak verbs These are the basic, non-detailed version of better verbs. An example would be, She walked to the store. In this case, walked is the weak verb. You can use another form of this verb to create a stronger visual for your reader. Heres what that would look like: She strutted to the store.Emotion explaining Using words that are emotions in your writing is a pretty clear indicator you have to sh ow and not tell. Saying, She was scared, is telling. You can create a better experience for the reader by showing that shes scared through body language, dialogue, and description.We even make it simpler for you with our strong verbs list. It has over 200 strong verbs and includes the common weak verbs you can replace.Writing Tips Action Step:Fill out your information for instant access to your strong verbs list of over 300+ verbs to use! hbspt.forms.create({ portalId: "4208601", formId: "c14c8b05-e824-459b-b7eb-a03c87d82b93" });Writing Tip#11 Just write to writeForget about your goals. Forget about how anyone else will interpret what you’ve wrote and just write.Do it for you. Write what you like and what makes you happy.Don’t think about the future or publishing or where you’re going from here. Just grab that outline, sit down, and write because it’s fun.Believe it or not, this frees up a lot of mental space and allows you to write without thinking too much, which often helps you write better.One of the best writing tips I ever received was to always have a side project going on, something you have no intention of ever publishing. This is where your real writing happens.Its a place for you to experiment, discover your writing voice, and learn what you truly love to write while still working on your main project and accomplishing those goals.Writing Tips from Famous AuthorsWhat better way to improve your writing than to practice writing tips from those who have mastered the cr aft?Here are our top writing tips from professional writers like Stephen King, JK Rowling, and even Margaret Atwood.#1 â€Å"Just do it.†Much like we mentioned above, Margaret Atwood is a huge advocate of diving right in and just writing, despite your fears, insecurities, or lack of direction.â€Å"I think the main thing is: Just do it. Plunge in! Being Canadian, I go swimming in icy cold lakes, and there is always that dithering moment. ‘Am I really going to do this? Won’t it hurt?’ And at some point you just have to flop in there and scream. Once you’re in, keep going. You may have to crumple and toss, but we all do that. Courage! I think that is what’s most required.†As someone who has made waves with a number of her novels, including the masterpiece that landed her an entire TV series, The Handmaid’s Tale, she is someone you want to take advice from- especially now that Margaret Atwoods Masterclass is available.#2 Youve got to work for it.Much to every writer’s dismay, books don’t actually write themselves. If there was a special machine we could plug into our brain that would spit out a perfect copy of the story inside our minds, we would all opt for that instead of sitting down and plucking away at the keyboard.But that’s not a reality (at least not yet).Someone who knows the value of hard work when it comes to writing is J.K. Rowling. Perhaps you’ve heard of her?â€Å"Youve got to work. Its about structure. Its about discipline. Its all these deadly things that your school teacher told you you needed†¦ You need it.As hard as it can be, Rowling’s advice is as sound as any. Work for your book. Work hard so others can benefit from the worth you’re holding onto.#3 Write for yourself first.Stephen King has an entire memoir-ish that doubles as writing tips simply because writing has been nearly his entire life. One of the best lessons King says he ever lea rned was from a newspaper editor he worked for while he was in high school (which he discusses in his memoir/writing book On Writing) and he has maintained that voice in his head throughout each work he writes.When you write a story, you’re telling yourself the story. When you rewrite, your main job is taking out all the things that are not the story. Your stuff starts out being just for you, but then it goes out.On Writing by Stephen King continues to be a source of inspiration and help for writers everywhere. King has a way of pulling you in and giving you the BS-free advice all writers want and, in most cases, desperately need.#4 â€Å"Quantity will make up for quality.†Ray Bradbury is one of the most quoted authors out there. He shares his methods for writing and how to actually succeed in this industry.His best advice, in my opinion, comes from his book Zen in the Art of Writing, where he says you have to schedule the time to write and write daily because quant ity will make up for quality.In fact, quantity is what leads you to quality.Michelangelo’s, da Vinci’s, Tintoretto’s billion sketches, the quantitative, prepared them for the qualitative, single sketches further down the line, single portraits, single landscapes of incredible control and beauty.†In essence, the more you practice writing, the better youll become and that makes all the difference when it comes to separating yourself form other writers.#5 â€Å"Tell the truth.†Miss Angelou is an inspiration to writers everywhere. She’s a personal favorite of mine and her quotes and advice for both writing and life has always spoken to me on a different level than others.One of the best writing tips I’ve read of her is the fact that you have to write the truth.â€Å"I look at some of the great novelists, and I think the reason they are great is that they’re telling the truth. The fact is they’re using made-up names, made-up people, made-up places, and made-up times, but they’re telling the truth about the human being- what we are capable of, what makes us lose, laugh, weep, fall down, and gnash our teeth and wring our hands and kill each other and love each other.†When you have a truth worth sharing, writing becomes easier, more meaningful, and therefore more impactful for those reading it.This ties into our writing tip above about writing what you want to read. Focus on telling your truth.#6 â€Å"You can’t edit a blank page.†Are you sensing a theme within these writing tips yet?Even Jodi Picoult agrees that you can’t become a better writer if you never write.â€Å"You can always edit a bad page. You can’t edit a blank page.†The best of all writing tips is this one. You have to actually write if you want to get better because the great writing doesnt happen on the first try. It happens on the second, fifth, and even tenth.You first have to write the wo rds in order to make them better.Writing Tips to Get You Started TODAYIf you’re here, it means you’re ready to take the leap and start writing.We can even help you have your book outlined today but only if you take action now.

prostitution essays

prostitution essays Prostitution is defined as the oldest profession in the world, because it started with the very first civilization and has continued to present day. The argument over whether prostitution should be legalized or stay a criminal act has many split on the issue, including many feminists. I believe that prostitution is morally wrong, harmful and very degrading. On the other hand I am opposed to the government having the power to decide its legal state, primarily because they dont feel we are intelligent enough to make our own decisions. I propose that prostitution should be granted legalization. Every civilization in the world has some form of prostitutes working in their society. If it affects so many people how can we turn our heads, arrest people, slam the prison door and think that we have solved the problem. It has proved to go on whether their government condoned the practice or not. If we cannot stop this phenomenon why not make it legal to extract taxes and better assist the prostitutes and their clients? Currently in the United States, except for places in Nevada, prostution, the act of providing sex for money is illegal. When people have a job that is against the law they are no longer contributing to the government taxes. Their act is banned so there is not a way to regulate their money, while they still enjoy the benefits of this country without the added burden. Also, the prostitutes do not get medical attention they desperately need. A lot of people believe that if you make something legal you are agreeing with the perpratrators act or giving them permission to continue with their unhealthy lifestyle, but when does compassion come in and the understanding of peoples needs. We spend too much time convicting the criminals and not enough time helping to rehabilitate women from the streets or finding options for other work. If prostitution is made legal it should be guided under stric ...

Reduction of urinary catheter days versus catheter irrigation Research Paper

Reduction of urinary catheter days versus catheter irrigation - Research Paper Example Inserted catheters form an entry point for microbes to colonize the patient’s rather sterile body.   â€Å"Following finite colonization, the risk rate of bacteriuria is estimated at (3-10) % per day. The invading microbes could be of low virulence but nonetheless they are no match for the body’s host defense system, which is compromised† (Nicolle 2012, p.13). The immune-comprised patients succumb to nosocomial infections and in this respect, catheter urinary tract infection (CAUTI). Underlying malignancies and therapeutic interventions e.g. corticosteroids, parenteral nutrition are recognized as risk factors.   The risk of suffering from nosocomial infections is mainly linked to duration of hospital stay. Multivariate analyses of evidence shows that catheters and implantable devices are risk factors for over 50% of patients with blood cultures that test positive for bacterial contamination.   Consequently the duration at which a patient has an inserted cat heter strongly predisposes him/her to contracting catheter-associated bacteriuria. However, even short-term use of catheters ranging from 3 to 11 days poses a risk of bacteriuria by up to 26%. Consequently, it is no wonder that bacteriuria develops in nearly all patients who have been catheterized for only 1 month. Of these patients who develop bacteriuria, the disease progresses to urinary tract infection (acteremia (Warren, 1997). This prompted the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to form stringent guidelines.... Consequently the duration at which a patient has an inserted catheter strongly predisposes him/her to contracting catheter-associated bacteriuria. However, even short-term use of catheters ranging from 3 to 11 days poses a risk of bacteriuria by up to 26%. Consequently, it is no wonder that bacteriuria develops in nearly all patients who have been catheterized for only 1 month. Of these patients who develop bacteriuria, the disease progresses to urinary tract infection (UTI) and the incidence of suffering bacteremia is about 5%. Hence, the prevalence of nosocomial CAUTI is 15% of the overall nosocomial bacteremia (Warren, 1997). Effective Catheter Management There is evidence on the overuse and misuse of catheters, and hence the prevalence of CAUTI. Evidence shows that catheters are used for unknown as well as unjustified medical conditions in about 20% of hospitalized patients. Moreover, this continued use of catheters is unnecessary for (0.3-0.5) % of catheterization days. This pro mpted the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to form stringent guidelines concerning the use of catheters. According to the CDC (2011), catheter use should be streamlined and removal of catheters should be done promptly after an appropriate duration of usage. Most important, health workers are required to be responsible and to avoid misuse of catheterization. Guidelines concerning approved techniques of catheter insertion and care were also issued. However, there has been poor adherence and implementation of these guidelines (Furfari & Wald, 2008). Catheter Use Several health conditions warrant the insertion of catheters. For instance, a case of acute urinary retention

Comparison of Sourcing Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparison of Sourcing Strategies - Essay Example There are different factors that can be considered in terms of the determination of the effects and the understanding of the sourcing process.  Ã‚  One of the most important strategic advantages in terms of managing the supplier base is by having fewer and solid suppliers for the materials and services needed in operation.   In addition, it is important to consider that local suppliers can be given priority to be able to lessen the processes needed to be undertaken as well as periodically check the quality of the materials and services procured.In the complex interaction of the supplier and the organizations, supplier alliances are being established.   In cases wherein there are changes in the supplier alliances in terms of the support given to a particular provider, the main affected are is the supply chain.   This can be related to the importance of following the strategic allocation of sourcing services.   If a particular supplier failed to provide the materials or servi ce needed the whole process is disrupted and the end product cannot be achieved.  Ã‚  Based on the study undertaken then, sourcing can be considered as one of the inevitable development of the current era to be able to answer the demands of the international community in a variety of goods and services.   For that matter, the strategic decision-making process in relation to sourcing is needed to be undertaken to optimize the advantages and benefits that can be derived from the said concept and process.

Teaching Education Students Disabilities

Teaching Education Students Disabilities Education Students Disabilities 2.1 The role played by teacher’s attitudes towards education of students with disabilities in the development of inclusive education. It is a well known fact that attitude of teachers affect the atmosphere of learning and influence whether students with limited abilities receive equal educational chances. This can be shown by looking at situations in different parts of the world. In Ghana for instance, the idea of education that is inclusive is aligned with the policy of increasing access, participation and retention of all students of school going age in education. Challenges exist in areas of access, quality education and retention especially for students with disabilities. This is attributed to lack of professional activities of development for teachers, limited resources and ineffective monitoring system provided to schools. Negative attitude and prejudice is the most critical of all barriers to free universal education especially for disabled students. Interestingly, some teachers still name the curses from gods as the cause of disabilities. (Agbenyega 2005) Beliefs about ethnicity, disability, concerns, ethnicity and attitude of teachers influence practice of all inclusive education, educational materials’ quality and instructions received by students. Many regular education teachers feel unprepared and scared to work with disabled learners and display anger, frustration and negative attitude towards education. They also believe it lowers academic standards. (Education Act, 1996) Teachers’ beliefs about inclusion suggest that they do not like teaching disabled students especially those who have sensory impairments as in regular classes. They prefer them being educated in special schools. Their defense is that with usual students too much time is not wasted in support and guidance. They are yet come to terms with the belief that mute and deaf students can receive education in regular schools. Teachers also believe that including disabled results in incompletion of syllabuses as they limit the amount of work that can be done in a term. They further believe that including disabled in regular classes affects the performance of their fellow students without disabilities. On this they claim that there must be consideration on placement of students with disabilities into regular schools as their placement disturbs academic performance and emotions and of other students who are not disabled. (Smith and Luckasson 1995) Teachers overwhelmingly believe that inclusive education is impossible unless their needs for specialist resources are addressed. Overall belief is that without sufficient support and resources, inclusive education is not possible and is doomed. The beliefs, negative attitude and concerns expressed by teachers may be explained due to lack of professional preparedness, available resources, sufficient orientation and specialist assistance. Initial professional knowledge and further training, human and material resources enhance teachers’ attitudes positively and affect their willingness make inclusion work (UNESCO 1994) 2.2 Teachers’ attitudes towards education of students with disabilities. A historical review. Estimates of global populations indicate that more children with disabilities live in developing third world countries than in industrialized countries. It has been suggested that integration in developing countries can be facilitated much more easily and successfully than in North America and Western European countries because there disabled students are already in the mainstream unlike in countries with a dual system of regular and special education. Recognizing that schools in developing countries have untrained teachers, large class sizes, transportation problems, lack of resources and facilities, the policy makers should consider the regular classroom as the mainstream model in facilitating inclusive education in poor countries.(UNESCO 1997, 1999) Educational researchers have historically taken varied positions which are varied regarding integration or inclusion. Those who support the programmatic model point to the academic and social gains of the students with disability as well as acceptance of diversity among fellow students and community members as benefits of inclusion. Opponents note concerns about lack of training, personnel and administrative support and the uncertainty of academic and social gains through adopting such models (Gartner, 1995; Whitaker, 2004). Research that has been carried out in most regions of the world on teachers mirrors the political agenda of these countries in focusing attention on the exclusion of children from educational opportunities (UNESCO 1994). Some countries have enacted legislation pertaining to integration of disabled students while some are just beginning the process of implementing these programs and policies. In overall, research seems to support the notion of a general culture of teaching in that teachers’ attitudes towards students with disabilities are consistent and similar irrespective of the different national cultures in which teaching takes place. A cross cultural study conducted on teachers’ attitudes in Haiti and the USA revealed that teachers had similar attitudes towards inclusion. (Thematic Group 9, 1996). Special Education in the United States has a long history that reflects many changes in attitudes towards disabled people. Special education was a established in the United States in the 1800’s with students who had demonstrated disabilities such as deafness, blindness, crippling conditions as well as idiotic and feeble-mindedness being taught in institutions. Many diverse groups have attributed this change to including parents, psychologists, educators, physicians, clergy, researchers and the disabled. (Smith and Luckkason, 1995) 2.2.1. Shaping the development curve: mainstreaming-integration and inclusion The right of students with disabilities to receive a free and appropriate education in the least restrictive environment is solidly rooted in the provisions of the United States constitution. Particularly, the guarantee of equal protection under the law granted to all citizens P.L.94-142 clearly required states to ensure that children with disabilities be educated with children who were not disabled and that other educational placements be considered only when the nature of the disability was such that education in regular classes with the use of supplementary aids and services could not be achieved satisfactorily. (.http://www.ncd.gov/newsroom/publications/1994/inclusion.htm) Disabled students are being included at every level of the education system as a result of efforts by all of those concerned about them, parents, advocates, teachers and administrators. The effect of inclusive education is being increasingly being evaluated by including children with disabilities in assessments of school performance. (Barlett and McLeod 1998) Much has been learned about the strategies that make inclusion work from the experience of others. School staff that focus on changes in the school as a whole-curricular, instructional strategies, instructional strategies and use of resources have been successful when given time for training, collaborative planning and opportunities to celebrate their achievements. (.http://www.ncd.gov/newsroom/publications/1994/inclusion.htm) Disabled students require extra supports facilitated through personal assistance, class assistive technologies and related services in order to receive an appropriate education. Planning for studies should include the scheduling of supports at appropriate times in order for supports to be able to complement activities in classroom. Students who need assistance later in life benefit greatly from learning management support services early in life. (Marches 1998) The fact that students with disabilities are included in some schools is all the more remarkable given the vast numbers of barriers that exist from the federal government going down. In addition to the barriers faced by most students with disabilities minority students with disabilities face even greater barriers to inclusion. Of all the barriers to inclusion, the single greatest factor seems to be the system of financing special education. (.http://www.ncd.gov/newsroom/publications/1994/inclusion.htm) The basic concept of inclusion and integration states that principles of equity, discrimination, social justice and human rights make it compulsory that students with special needs and disabilities should enjoy the same privileges as all other students in a regular school environment and to a broad, balanced and relevant curriculum (Knight 1999). It is believed that integration in the mainstream enables students with disabilities to benefit from the stimulation of mixing with relatively more able students and having the opportunity to observe higher models of social and academic behavior (Elkins 1998). The move towards integration began tentatively in a few countries as long ago as the late 1960s and early 1970s, but the trend became much more vigorous on an international scale in the 1980s and throughout the 1990s. A major factor influencing the rapid worldwide movement towards inclusion was the promulgation of the Salamanca statement and Framework for Action on Special Needs Education. This statement recommends among others, that all students with special needs should have full access to regular schools and be taught in schools using predominantly adaptable and child centered pedagogy. (UNESCO, 1994) For integration and inclusion to be successful, one clear condition is that teaching methods and curricula will need to change in order to accommodate the diversity of students to be included in the average classroom. The reforms proposed by most education commissions certainly suggest that all students would benefit from more student centered approaches in teaching and much greater flexibility in curriculum planning. This will certainly make it more feasible for students with special needs to receive an education geared to their abilities. (Ainscow, 1997) 2.2.2. Attitudes of regular school teachers’ vis-Ã  -vis of special school teachers. Inclusion of students with disabilities in the regular classroom has been met with a lot of resistance from regular education teachers who would be responsible for educating special needs students. This is because they lack in-service training to increase their skills. In-service presentations are most effective in improving attitudes. Regular classroom teachers are usually stereotypic and negative. (Befring, 1997) Regular school teachers believe that students with disabilities require special needs which cannot be provided in inclusive based regular classroom. They also believe that their professional knowledge and skills are inadequate to effectively teach students with disabilities in regular schools. (Sharma, 1999) Special school teachers usually have a positive attitude towards students with disabilities. This is because they are usually trained before service on how to handle students with disabilities. Their positive attitude about including and teaching students with disabilities in general education classroom is related to the levels of special education training and experience in working with students with disabilities. (Forlin and Hattie, 1996) 2.3 Teachers’ attitudes towards inclusive education of students with disabilities at different school levels. 2.3.1. Pre school teachers’ attitudes and primary teachers’ attitude. Pre School teachers’ have negative attitudes towards children with disabilities. A lot of children who are emotionally disturbed possess deficient long-standing patterns of disruptive and deficient behavior. These children are particularly upsetting to teachers because they challenge the teachers’ role and threaten the order and composure of the classroom. Some of these children exhibit the feelings needed to get what they want that is manipulate others. These children are often able to identify weaknesses in the teacher and exploit them. (Carey, 1997) Majority of primary school teachers both female and male have negative attitudes towards the inclusion of students with abilities in regular classes. Children taught by teachers who show highly positive attitudes have significantly higher levels of classroom satisfaction and marginally lower levels of classroom friction than children taught by teachers with less positive attitudes. Primary school teachers are usually worried about the well being of students with special needs in the general education. It is usually hard for them to ensure that special children do not lose out in both academics and related skills as compared to other children in the class. (Carey, 1997) 2.3.2 Education administrators Demographic factors, training and experience does not have a statistically significant effect on administration attitudes towards inclusion. Administration programs that are good prepare administrators with stronger, more positive attitudes toward including students with disabilities. School counselors can take the lead in assessing school climate in relation to students with disabilities initiating interventions or advocating for change when appropriate. (Wilczenski, 1992) Some school administrators might possess slightly negative attitudes toward students with disabilities. The attitudes of school counselors are similar to if not more positive than those of other school personnel. Principals who have completed more training both (pre-service and in service) related to inclusion and special education have positive attitudes towards students with disabilities. It is claimed that the understanding of administrators on the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is very limited and they have not taken any measure to ensure compliance to it. Negative attitudes have been indicated to be of the more significant barriers to successful integration of students with disabilities. (Wilczenski, 1992) 2.3.3. Secondary schools teachers’ attitudes These teachers have more positive attitudes compared to primary school teachers. Teachers’ expectations and beliefs are easier to change than their behaviors and emotions. High school teachers also have positive attitudes towards the use of the software because the software has the potential to improve student learning, increase student engagement, provide important study skills and improve student motivation through the novelty of using computers is social studies instruction. High school teachers cooperate more with each other when it comes to provision of assistance regarding disabled students. (Schumacher et al, 1997) Some people argue that in primary school inclusion develops well only for serious problems to emerge at the secondary level. These problems could be from the increase in subject specialization which makes it hard for inclusion to sail smoothly. This problem is made worse by the fact that the gap between special students and the rest increase with age. Secondary schools usually use the streaming model where students are grouped depending on their level of grasping knowledge. It is also difficult to make curriculum adaptations for heterogeneous students because secondary education is characterized by an excessively academic curriculum for a homogenous group of students. (Smith, D. Luckasson, R. 1995). 2.4 Influential factors of teachers attitudes 2.4.1 Student related factors One of the most important factors affecting teachers’ attitudes towards integration or inclusion is the type and severity of disabilities. Research revealed that irrespective of teaching experience, severity of disability shows an inverse relationship with positive attitudes such that as the perception of severity increase, teachers positive attitude decrease. (Forlin, et al 1996). A study done in fourteen nations discovered that teachers favor disabilities of certain types to be included in the regular school setting. Teachers are more disposed to accept students with mild disabilities than students with more severe disabilities particularly students with social maladjustments and emotional disturbance, due to a lack of training and support and large class sizes. (Leyser and Tapperndirf, 2001). 2.4.2 Teacher-related factors With regards to gender, reports showed that male teachers’ attitudes towards integration are more negative than female teachers. Other studies that examined teachers experience noted that teachers’ acceptance of integration is related to previous experience with children with disabilities. (Giangreco, 1997) Overall teaches’ contact and interactions with people with disabilities promote positive attitudes towards integration. Teachers’ with a higher education level are also more negative towards integration. The opposite is true in some cases. Teachers’ attitudes also appear to vary based on integration in-service training. The study reported positive teacher attitudes after in service training, while other studies found that staff development failed to improve teachers’ attitudes. (Stoler 1992) 2.4.3 Education environment-related factors a) Administrative and policy factors Factors related to administrative support have been linked to teachers’ commitment to integration. Teachers’ consider the presence of organizational support and resources as critical in forming positive attitudes towards integration. An additional component of positive attitude is related to class size. General educators report that reducing class size to 20 students would facilitate their integration effort (Pollard and Rojewski, 1993) b) Support factors Top-down educational initiatives can be rendered ineffective if the program is interrupted at the principle level or the teacher level. The attitude of special educators is determined by general educators. Furthermore most principals are critical of policy changes and their support of inclusion is viewed by teachers as being motivated by cost savings opportunities. (Whitaker 2004) If a country or state has policy friendly to students with disabilities then teachers are likely to have a positive attitude towards inclusive education. For example, the Zimbabwe education Act 1996, the Disabled Person Act 1996 and various Ministry of Education circulars (Education, Secretary’s Policy Circular No P36, 1990) require that all students, regardless of race, religion, gender, creed and disability, have access to basic or primary education. (Education Act, 1996). c) Other related factors Factors external to the school that affect the working conditions of teachers such as financial rewards, status in society and professional expectations have also been found to influence the teachers’ motivation and dedication. The grade level taught is such an external factor found that high school teachers displayed more positive attitudes towards integration than elementary school. Their results also showed there were more positive attitudes towards integration in high school teachers than in primary school. (Leyser et al 1994) Financial rewards; given that teachers spend up to fifty percent of their time providing instruction to individual students, it is imperative that they receive adequate and appropriate financial and professional development to ensure they are able to work effectively with students with special needs. Reference Agbenyega, J. S., Deppeler, J., Harvey, D. (2005).Attitudes Towards Inclusive Education in Africa Scale (ATIAS): An Instrument to measure teachers attitudes towards inclusive education for students with disabilities. Journal of Research and Development in Education, 5, pp. 1-15. http://www.coe.wayne.edu/wholeschooling/Journal_of_Whole_Schooling/articles/3-1%20Agbenyega.doc. 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